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Lunarlink Solutions, Toronto
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hreflang is a tag that tells search engines which language and region a page is written for, and which other pages are its translations. A Canadian business needs it once it publishes the same content in both English and French at separate URLs, so the right version is served to the right searcher.
A single-language site does not need hreflang, and neither does a site whose French version lives on a completely separate domain aimed at a different country. It matters specifically when two or more versions of the same content compete to be shown to the same searcher, which is the normal situation for a bilingual business in Ontario or Quebec.
Every version of a page lists every version, including itself. An English page at the main URL and a French page under a /fr path each carry the full set of tags. Canadian sites usually want en-ca and fr-ca rather than bare en and fr, because the region code is what distinguishes the Canadian French page from a French one written for France.
Tags that are not reciprocal. If the English page points at the French one but the French one does not point back, search engines discard the whole cluster. And tags pointing at URLs that redirect, are blocked, or are canonicalised elsewhere, which is the usual symptom of a translation added later without touching the original template.
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